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knowingly-knowingly造句
tamoadmin 2024-10-16 人已围观
简介ナイチンゲール誓词naichinge^ru seishiわれはここに集いたる人々の前に厳かに神に誓わんーーーwarewakokoni tsudoi taru hitobito no mae ni ogosoka ni kami ni chikawa n ^^^わが生涯を清く过ごし、わが任务を忠実に尽くさんことを。waga shougai wo kiyoshi ku sugo shi , waga
ナイチンゲール誓词
naichinge^ru seishi
われはここに集いたる人々の前に厳かに神に誓わんーーー
warewakokoni tsudoi taru hitobito no mae ni ogosoka ni kami ni chikawa n ^^^
わが生涯を清く过ごし、わが任务を忠実に尽くさんことを。
waga shougai wo kiyoshi ku sugo shi , waga ninmu wo chuujitsu ni tsukusa nkotowo .
われはすべて毒あるもの、害あるものを绝ち、
warehasubete doku arumono , sokonaa rumonowo tachi ,
悪しき薬を用いることなく、また知りつつこれをすすめざるべし。
ashi ki kusuri wo mochii rukotonaku , mata shiri tsutsukorewosusumezarubeshi .
われはわが力の限りわが任务の标准を高くせんことを努むべし。
warewawaga chikara no kagiri waga ninmu no hyoujun wo takaku senkotowo tsutomu beshi .
わが任务にあたりて、取り扱える人々の私事のすべて、
waga ninmu niatarite , toriatsukae ru hitobito no watakushigoto nosubete ,
わが知り得たる一家の内事のすべて、われは人に泄らさざるべし。
waga shiri eta ru ikka no nai koto nosubete , wareha nin ni mora sazarubeshi .
われは心より医师を助け、わが手に托されたる人々の幸のために身を捧げん。
warewa kokoro yori ishi wo tasuke , waga teni takusa retaru hitobito no sachi notameni miwo sasagen .
=======================================================
The Florence Nightingale Pledge
I solemnly pledge myself before God and in the presence of this assembly:
To pass my life in purity and to practice my profession faithfully; I will abstain from whatever is deleterious and mischievous and will not take or knowingly administer any harmful drug; I will do all in my power to maintain and elevate the standard of my profession, and will hold in confidence all personal matters committed to my keeping and all family affairs coming to my knowledge in the practice of my calling; With loyalty will I endeavor to aid the physician in his work, and devote myself to the welfare of those committed to my care.
南丁格尔推动了世界各地护理工作和护士教育的发展，因此被誉为近代护理创始人。 1963年，国际护士会决定以她的生日5月12日为国际护士节。美国底特律（Detroit）城，哈伯医院学校（Harper Hospital School）的护理主任葛莉特（Lystra E.Gretter）写下南丁格尔誓词。这个誓约后来被全世界的护理学校与护理系所使用。
==============================================
南丁格尔誓言
余谨以至诚，於上帝及会众面前宣誓：
终身纯洁，忠贞职守，尽力提高护理专业标准，勿为有损之事，勿取服或故用有害之药，慎守病人及家属之秘密，竭诚协助医师之诊治，务谋病者之福利。
谨誓
什么叫效能？
1?nodding his head knowingly ?the assistant ?
see sb. doing sth.
2?to say ?
3?that he had often seen this happen before too
4?this happen before too ?had seen
lie in,lie off,lie to
效能
xiàonéng
[efficacy;usefulness;effectiveness;efficiency;efficaciousness] 效用;作用
=============================
效
俲
xiào
<动>
(形声。从攴(pū),交声。“攴”有致力的意思。本义:献出;尽力)
同本义 [present;devote to;render (service)]
司城荡意诸来奔,效节于府人而出。——《左传》
异日韩王纳地效玺。——《史记》
又如:效力;效绩(呈献功绩);效玺(呈献国君的印章,表示臣服);效己(贡献一己之力);效芹(自称贡献微薄)
明白 [understand]
由此效之也。——《荀子·正论》
乡也,效门室之辨。——《荀子·儒效》
效,明也。——《方言十三》
通“校(jiào)”。考查。考核 [examine]
彼将任我以事而效我以功。——《庄子·列御寇》
又如:效试(考核试验);效志(查核心志);效情(验以情理)
授还,授 [confer]
宣王有志,而后效官。——《左传·昭公二十六年》。注:“授也。”
又如:效官;效业(授官)
显示;呈现 [take on]
信者效其忠。——唐·魏征《谏太宗十思疏》
又如:效祉(呈现福祉);效祥(呈露祥瑞)
效验,验证 [desired result]
何以效之。——汉·王充《论衡·订鬼篇》
效劳,效忠 [offer one's services]
杀身自效。——《汉书·李广苏建传》
效
俲、效
xiào
<动>
摹仿;师法 [imitate]
效,像也。——《说文》。字亦作俲
效者,为之法也。——《墨子·小取》
君子是则是效。——《诗·小雅·鹿鸣》
民胥效矣。——《诗·小雅·角弓》
尤而效之。——《左传·襄公二十五年》
则而效之。——《孝经》
字又作效
教之为言效也。上行之,下效之。——《元命苞》
知崇礼卑。崇效天,卑法地。——《易·系辞上》
父亲不思报国酬恩,捐躯尽节,效儿女子之计。——《封神演义》
欲效野夫。——明·刘基《诚意伯刘文成公文集》
又如:效学(仿效,学习);效蹙(不善模仿而弄巧成拙);效好(学好);效作(仿作);效戾(效尤);效慕(仿效);效邮(效尤);东施效颦;上行下效
效
xiào
〈名〉
功效;效果;结果 [effect;result;function]
效亦大矣。——《淮南子·修务》
强弱存亡之效。——《荀子·议兵》
以德为効。——《汉书·刘向传》
用兵之效。——宋·苏洵《六国论》
效则归于天择。——[英]赫胥黎著、严复译《天演论》
自其效观。
愿大王少留意,臣请奏其效。——《战国策·秦策一》
此其效也(效:效验,验证)。——宋·沈括《梦溪笔谈》
又如:药效;生效;失效;无效;投效;肥效;速效;后效;时效;见效;疗效;实效;奏效;特效;成效;有效
经验 [experience]
外夷战备日新,老将多恃旧效,昧于改图,故致无功。——康有为《上清帝第二书》
效法
xiàofǎ
[follow the example of;imitate;follow in the footsteps;follow suit;model ofter;strike in with] 仿照别人的做法去做,学习别人的长处
他治学严谨,值得效法
效仿
xiàofǎng
[follow the example of] 模仿;效法
效果
xiàoguǒ
[effect] 由某种动因或原因所产生的结果;后果
效果不佳
效劳
xiàoláo
[offer one’s services] 为某人提供服务
效力
xiàolì
[force;effect]∶约束力
有同等效力
[effect]∶效果
有治病的效力
效力
xiàolì
[render a service to;serve] 效劳;为…出力
但有甚事,即当效力。——《三国演义》
效率
xiàolǜ
[efficiency] 单位时间完成的工作量
提高工作效率五倍
效命
xiàomìng
[go all out to serve sb.regardless of the consequences] 出力帮忙,不惜生命
此吾等效命之秋也。——《于谦全传》
臣效命之秋。——《史记·魏公子列传》
效能
xiàonéng
[efficacy;usefulness;effectiveness;efficiency;efficaciousness] 效用;作用
由于曝光,材料已失去了它的效能
效颦
xiàopín
[poor imitation as Dongshi copied her neighbour,the famous beauty xishi in knitting her eyebrows;act the ape] 即“东施效颦”的寓言故事。出于《庄子·天运》:“西施(即西子)病心(心口疼)而膑(同“颦”,皱眉)其里,其里之丑,人见而美之(以之为美),归亦捧心(用手按住心口),而膑其里。”后人称故事中的丑人为东施。将机械模仿者叫做“东施效颦”或“效颦”
效
xiàosǐ
[do one's utmost;be ready to give one's life for a course] 卖力而不顾生命
旦夕将效一战,以报朝廷之恩。——《三国演义》
效于前。——《汉书·李广苏建传》
效验
xiàoyàn
[desired result;direct effect;intended result] 如所预期的效果
这种方法具有明显的效验
效益
xiàoyì
[effect and profit;beneficial result] 效果和收益
效应
xiàoyìng
[effect] 由某种动因或原因所产生的一种特定的科学现象,通常以其发现者的名字来命名
法拉第效应
效用
xiàoyòng
[effectiveness] 功效和作用
充分发挥水库的效用
效尤
xiàoyóu
[imitate and exceed the original in doing evil;knowingly follow the example of a wrongdoer] 仿效坏的行为
恐此子效尤,干那结交权党,势压班僚,丧失名节的事,岂不辱我一门清白?——《二度梅全传》
====================
efficiency
ef.fi.cien.cy
AHD:[?-f?sh“…n-s?]
D.J.[i6fi.*nsi8]
K.K.[!6f!.*nsi]
n.（名词）
复数 ef.fi.cien.cies缩写 eff.
The quality or property of being efficient.
效能：有功效的特征或性质
The degree to which this quality is exercised:
功效：这种特征所能达到的程度：
The program was implemented with great efficiency and speed.
项目以极大的效率和速度被实施
The ratio of the effective or useful output to the total input in any system.
效率：在某一系统中有效的或有用的产出与总投入的比率
The ratio of the energy delivered by a machine to the energy supplied for its operation.
功率：机器做一定功所发出的能量与其总能量的比
An efficiency apartment.
公寓小套间
efficiency
[i5fiFEnsi]
n.
效率; 效能; 实力, 生产能力; 功率; 产量; 有效作用
物性能
经济性简易公寓(带小厨房和卫生设备的小套间)
主点屈光度, 基点折射值
efficiency curve
效率曲线
efficiencyengineer [expert]
(研究降低成本、提高功效的)效率工程师[专家]
efficiency test
效率试验
Friction lowers the efficiency of a machine.
摩擦减低机器的效率。
adiabatic efficiency
绝热效率
aerial efficiency
天线效率
antenna efficiency
天线效率
aggregate efficiency
总效率
allocative efficiency
分配效率
anode corrosion efficiency
阳极侵蚀效率
anodic current efficiency
阳极电流效率
apparent efficiency
视在效率
apparent ionization efficiency
表观电离效率
arresting efficiency
捕集[捕捉]效率
articulation efficiency
清晰效率
asymptotic efficiency
渐近效率
asymptotic relative efficiency
渐近相对效率
available power efficiency
有效功率效率
best column efficiency
最佳柱效能
blade efficiency
叶片效率
brake rigging efficiency
制动杠杆传动效率
brake thermal efficiency
制动热效率(绝对有效效率)
calorific efficiency (=calorific capacity)
发热量; 热值; 卡值
capture efficiency
俘获效率
carbon decolourizing efficiency
活性炭脱色效率
cardiac efficiency
心效率, 心力
cardiovascular efficiency
心血管功能
cavitational efficiency
(螺旋浆)空泡系数
charge transfer efficiency
电荷转移[传输]效率
charging efficiency
充电效率
coalescence efficiency
并合率
collision efficiency
碰撞率
combined efficiency
总效率
component efficiency
组件[局部]效率
continuous-running efficiency
连续工作效率
controlling efficiency
控制效率
conventional efficiency
约定[协定, 惯用]效率
conversion efficiency
换能[转换]效率
conveyingefficiency
运输效率
coupling quantumefficiency
耦合量子效率
cracking (cycle)efficiency
裂化(周期)效率
cumulative transfer efficiency
累积转移[传递]效率
cycle-time efficiency
连续运转效率
declared efficiency
标称效率
decreasing efficiency
递减效率
delivery efficiency
输出效率
deposition efficiency
焊着效率; 淀积效率
design power efficiency
设计功能效率
detector efficiency
检波器效率
detersive efficiency
洗涤[去污]效率
dust collection efficiency
集尘(效)率
ecological growth efficiency
生态生长效率
economical efficiency
经济效果[效率]
effective thermal efficiency
有效热效率
electron-stream transmission efficiency
电子流传输效率
energy utilization efficiency
能量利用效率
expansion efficiency
膨胀系数, 膨胀率
fan efficiency
风机效率
fermentation efficiency
发酵效率, 发酵能力
filament efficiency
灯丝效率
filtration efficiency
过滤效率
fin efficiency
散热片效率
fractionating efficiency
分馏效率
full load efficiency
满(负)载效率
gas efficiency
出气率
gear train efficiency
齿轮系传动效率
generic efficiency
相对效率
germ-killing efficiency
杀菌效率
grinding efficiency
研磨[粉碎]效率
gross stage efficiency
总级效率
guaranteed efficiency
保证效率
heat transfer efficiency
传热效率
heating efficiency
热效率
high-cycle efficiency
工作周期的高生产率
horizontal efficiency
水平[行]扫描效率
hydraulic efficiency
水力[液压]效率
illumination efficiency
照明效率
illumination taper efficiency
照射递减效率
insulating efficiency
保温效率
internal efficiency
内效率
internal quantum efficiency
内量子效率
invasion efficiency
侵入效率
isentropic efficiency
等熵效率
isothermal efficiency
等温效率
jet propulsive efficiency
喷射推进效率
job efficiency
制品合格率
joint efficiency
连接效率
laser conversion efficiency
激光转换效率
laser excitation efficiency
激光激发率
leavening efficiency
(面团)发松效率, 膨松能力
lens efficiency
透镜分辨能力; 透镜天线效率
lethal efficiency
致效率
light-emitting efficiency
发光效率
locomotive transmission efficiency
机车传动效率
longitudinal joint efficiency
纵向接头效率
low-level efficiency
低效率
luminaire efficiency
照明器效率
luminous efficiency
发光效率
management efficiency
经营管理效率
manometric efficiency
压缩[测压]效率
marginal efficiency
边际效率
maximum transmitting efficiency
最高发信[收信]效率
maximum receiving efficiency
最高发信[收信]效率
mean annual efficiency
全年平均效率
metal removing efficiency
金属切削率
moderating efficiency
慢化[减速]效率
moisture excluding efficiency
湿气排除能力
momentary efficiency
瞬时效率
multistage efficiency
多级效率
net efficiency
净效率
net thermal efficiency
净热效率, 送电热效率
nozzle efficiency
喷嘴效率
on-stream efficiency
开工率(即设备的有效使用期与修理期之比)
optimum efficiency
最佳效率
output efficiency
输出效率
over-all quantum efficiency
总量子效率
overload efficiency
过载效率
oxidation efficiency
氧化效率
paper surface efficiency
纸张表面效能
peak efficiency
峰值[最高]效率
phosphor efficiency
磷光粉[荧光粉]效率
photochemical efficiency
光化效率
photoelectric efficiency
光电效率
plant thermal efficiency
全厂热效率
plate efficiency
板极效率, 塔板效率
plate-circuit efficiency
屏路效率
point efficiency
点效率
power transmission efficiency
动力传动效率; 电力输送效率
precipitation efficiency
降水[沉淀]效率
preservative efficiency
防腐效率
productive efficiency
生产效能
profit earning efficiency
获利效率
projection efficiency
投射[投影]效率
projector efficiency
发送效率
propulsive efficiency
牵引效率, 推进效率
pumping efficiency
泵唧效率
quantum efficiency
量子效率
radiation efficiency
辐射效率
ram efficiency
冲压效率
rated efficiency
额定效率
recovery efficiency
回收效率
removal efficiency
排除效率
respiratory efficiency
呼吸功能
retardation efficiency
减速[制动]效率
rotor efficiency
转子效率
running efficiency
运转[机械]效率
screen actinic efficiency
荧光屏发光效率
screening efficiency
筛选效率
secondary efficiency
二次效率
separation efficiency
分离(除尘)效率
separative efficiency
分离效率
settling efficiency
沉降效率
shielding efficiency
屏蔽效率
slope efficiency
斜度效率
soil removal efficiency
去污率
specific melting efficiency
比熔化效率
stabilization efficiency
稳定效率
steam-end efficiency
汽缸效率
stock-removing efficiency
切削(效)率
stream efficiency
开工率
stripper efficiency
汽提塔[解吸塔]效率
target efficiency
冲击效率
tissue growth efficiency
组织生长效率
torque efficiency
机械效率
total head efficiency
总压头效率
total lumen efficiency
总流明效率
transducer-coupling system efficiency
换能器耦合系统效率
transduction efficiency
换能效率
transfer efficiency
合金过渡系数, 转换效率
transmitting efficiency
发送效率
propeller efficiency
推进器效率
transpiration efficiency
蒸腾效率
tray efficiency
板效率
trunk efficiency
中继(线)效率
unit efficiency
装置[机组]效率; 分部[部套]效率
vane efficiency
叶片效率
visual efficiency
视觉效率
volume efficiency
信强度比率
volumetric efficiency
容积效率[系数], 组装效率
washing efficiency
洗涤效率
watt-hour efficiency
瓦-时效率
wave efficiency
波(动)效率
efficiency
源自efficere 完成< ex- 出来 + facere 做
The Language of Confidence
楼上回答的都没错，但是楼主是要问表方位的用法。
lie in 是表示一个地方在另一个地方内部。 例如 Guangdong lies in the South of China.
lie to 两个地方不接壤 Beijing lies to Shanghai.
lie off 在这儿的意思是“在离……的海上”，
例如 They live on the island off the coast of Guangdong.
Study Session 1: Codes of ethics and standards of professional conduct
The language we use programs our brains . Mastering our language gives us a great degree of mastery over our lives and our destinies . It is important to use the language in the best way possible in order to dramatically improve our quality of life.
语言能影响我们的大脑。掌握语言就能在很大程度上掌握我们的生活和命运。将语言发挥到极致可以极大地改善我们的生活质量，这一点至关重要。
Even the smallest of words can have the deepest effect on our subconscious mind, which is like a child, and it doesn't really understand the difference between what really happens and what you imagine. It is eager to please and willing to carry out any commands that you give it -- whether you do this knowingly or not is entirely up to you.
再短的单词也能对我们的潜意识产生深远的影响。我们的潜意识就像一个孩子，分不清真实发生的事和自己想象的事。它渴望取悦，乐意听从你给它的任何命令，而你是有意还是无意地做这些完全取决于你。
"Try"
It is a small word yet it has an amazing impact upon us. If someone says, "I'll try to do that", you know that they are not going to be pulling their whole heart into(全身心投入于) it, and may not even do it at all. How often do you use the word try when talking about the things that matter to you? Do you say "I'll try to be more confident" or "I'll try to do that" or "I'll try to call"?
“尽力”
这是一个简单的词，却能对我们产生不简单的影响。如果有人说“我会尽力做这件事的”，你知道他其实并不打算全心全意做这件事，甚至可能根本不会去做。你有多少次在谈论对于你非常重要的事时使用了“尽力”这个词?你是否说过“我会尽力做到更加自信”、“我会尽力去做这件事”或者“我会尽力去呼喊”?
Think about something that you would like to achieve, and say it to yourself in two different ways. Firstly say, "I'll try to… " and notice how you feel. Next say, "I will do…" and see how you feel.
想一件你想完成的事情，然后用两种不同的方式对自己说。首先说“我会尽力去做……”，然后注意你会有什么感受。再对自己说“我要做……”，然后看你又会有什么感受。
The latter makes you feel better than the first one, doesn't it? It gives you a sense of determination, a feeling that it will be done. Listen to the people around you and when they say they will try, notice if it gets done or not. Eliminate the word try from your dictionary and see how your life improves.
后一种方式给你的感受要比前一种好，不是吗?它给你一种坚定感，一种事情一定会完成的感觉。听听你身边的人怎么说，如果他们说他们会尽力，看看事情最后是不是完成了。从你的词典里删除“尽力”这个词，看看你的生活会如何改善。
"Can't"
This is another small word with a big impact. It disempowers us, makes us feel weak and helpless, and damages our self-esteem. It limits our infinite abilities and stifles creativity. Rub it out from your internal dictionary and replace it with something that makes you feel great.
“不能”
这又是一个简单却影响巨大的词。它让我们失去力量，让我们感到脆弱与无助，让我们的自尊心受到伤害。它限制了我们无限的才能，扼杀了我们的创造力。把这个词从你内心的词典里擦去吧，换一个让你感到伟大的词。
Instead of (=Rather than) saying you can't, why not say something like "I choose…" or "I choose not to…". Using words like this allows you to take back your power and to be in control of your life.
不要说你“不能”，为什么不换一个别的说法，比如“我选择……”或者“我选择不……”。使用这些词能让你恢复力量，掌控自己的生活。
Words may appear small and insignificant, yet they can have a deep and lasting effect on us. Mastering your language gives you the power to live whatever life you desire.
一些词语或许看似简单、微不足道，却能对我们产生深刻而持久的影响。掌握你的语言能让你获得力量去实现你渴望的生活。
What words do you use a lot that disempower you? Make a list of words you commonly use and then write next to them some alternatives you can use. Make these alternatives words that make you feel fabulous(极好的), not only about yourself, but about life and what you are doing!
你使用过哪些让你失去力量的词? 列出你常用的这类词，然后在旁边写出它们的替代词。让这些替代词不仅使你对自己感觉良好，而且使你对生活、对正在做的事情感觉无限美好吧!
The language we use programs our brains. Mastering our language gives us a great degree of mastery over our lives and our destinies. It is important to use the language in the best way possible in order to dramatically improve our quality of life.
Even the smallest of words can have the deepest effect on our subconscious mind, which is like a child, and it doesn't really understand the difference between what really happens and what you imagine. It is eager to please and willing to carry out any commands that you give it -- whether you do this knowingly or not is entirely up to you.
"Try"
It is a small word yet it has an amazing impact upon us. If someone says, "I'll try to do that", you know that they are not going to be pulling their whole heart into(全身心投入于) it, and may not even do it at all. How often do you use the word try when talking about the things that matter to you? Do you say "I'll try to be more confident" or "I'll try to do that" or "I'll try to call"?
Think about something that you would like to achieve, and say it to yourself in two different ways. Firstly say, "I'll try to… " and notice how you feel. Next say, "I will do…" and see how you feel.
The latter makes you feel better than the first one, doesn't it? It gives you a sense of determination, a feeling that it will be done. Listen to the people around you and when they say they will try, notice if it gets done or not. Eliminate the word try from your dictionary and see how your life improves.
"Can't"
This is another small word with a big impact. It disempowers us, makes us feel weak and helpless, and damages our self-esteem. It limits our infinite abilities and stifles creativity. Rub it out from your internal dictionary and replace it with something that makes you feel great.
Instead of (=Rather than) saying you can't, why not say something like "I choose…" or "I choose not to…". Using words like this allows you to take back your power and to be in control of your life.
Words may appear small and insignificant, yet they can have a deep and lasting effect on us. Mastering your language gives you the power to live whatever life you desire.
What words do you use a lot that disempower you? Make a list of words you commonly use and then write next to them some alternatives you can use. Make these alternatives words that make you feel fabulous(极好的), not only about yourself, but about life and what you are doing!
雅思阅读天天练：为什么看不到整个月球
The CFA Institute Professional Conduct Program is covered by the CFA Institute Bylaws and the Rules of Procedure for Proceedings Related to Professional Conduct.
CFA协会的有关规定（Bylaws）和执行调查程序制度（Rules of Procedures）组成了关于道德规范和职业行为准则强制执行的基本结构.
The ?program is based on the principles of fairness of the process to members and candidates and maintaining the confidentiality of the proceedings.
所有会员一律平等 并且调查程序秉持保密原则
可能有以下原因引起调查的问询程序:
1.Self-disclosure by members or candidates on their annual Professional Conduct Statement of involvement in civil litigation or a criminal investigation, or that the member of candidates is the subject of a written complaint.
会员和候选人每年关于自己职业行为遵循情况的自我披露，例如是否违法或接受有关刑事调查或受到别人投诉等
2.Written complaints about a member of candidate's professional conduct that are ?received by the Professional Conduct staff.
协会的工作人员收到对某会员和候选人的书面投诉
3.Evidence of misconduct by a member or candidate that the Professional Conduct staff received through public sources, such as a media article or broadcast.
协会工作人员通过公开渠道如新闻媒体得知某会员的不当行为等
4. A report by a CFA exam proctor of a possible violation during the examination.
CFA监考官员关于考试中会员违规行为的报告
5. Analysis of exam materials and monitoring of social media by CFA Institute.
对考试内容和社交媒体的综合分析
一旦问询开始，主管官员可能会要求写出书面的解释，还可能 (1) interview the subject member or candidate. ?（2）interview the complainant or other third parties. ?(3) collect documents and records relevant to the investigation.
官员可能会做出以下决定 ：（1）that no disciplinary sanctions are appropriate. 不进行纪律处分. ?(2) to issue a cautionary letter. ?发布一个警告信. ?(3). to discipline the member or candidate. 进行纪律处分
In a case where the Professional Conduct staff finds a violation has occurred and proposes a disciplinary sanction, the member or candidate may accept or reject the sanction. If the member of candidate chooses to reject the sanction, the matter will be referred to a disciplinary review panel of CFA Institute members for a hearing.
如果指定的官员根据报告，对违反道德规范行为的会员进行了纪律处分，则被处分的会员或候选者可以选择接受或者不接受该处分决定。如果会员和候选人不接受该处分决定，那么该事件将由CFA协会的纪律审查委员会和当地CFA的志愿者共同组成陪审团来进行听证。听证的主要目的是判断该会员是否违反有关规定及对应的处罚措施是否适当.
Sanctions imposed may include condemnation by the member's peers or suspension of candidate's continued participation in the CFA Program.
CFA协会处罚措施包括公开谴责、暂停会员资格和使用CFA资格，或收回对CFA资格的授予。CFA候选人违反考试纪律等可能会被取消考试成绩或终止参加以后的CFA考试。
注册金融分析师协会成员和候选人必须:(code of ethics)
1.Act with integrity, competence, diligence, respect, and in an ethical manner with the public, clients, prospective clients, employers, colleagues in the investment profession, and other participants in the global capital markets.
坚持正直、胜任、勤奋、令人尊重的做事原则，以合乎职业道德的方式对待投资行业内的公众、客户、潜在客户、雇主、雇员、同事以及其他全球资本市场的参与者
2.Place the integrity of the investment profession and the interests of clients above their own personal interests.
将投资行业的诚信和客户的利益置于个人利益之上
3. Use reasonable care and exercise independent professional judgment when conducting investment analysis, making investment recommendations, taking investment actions, and engaging in other professional activities.
进行投资分析、提供投资建议、采取投资行动和执行其他专业活动时，应保持合理的谨慎，做出独立的职业判断
4.Practice and encourage others to practice in a professional and ethical manner that will reflect credit on themselves and the profession.
履行并鼓励其他人履行职业道德规范，彰显其自身和行业的信誉
5.Promote the integrity and viability of the global capital markets for the ultimate benefit of society.
提升资本市场信誉，支持资本市场管理条例
6. Maintain and improve their professional competence and strive to maintain and improve the competence of other investment professionals.
保持和提高专业胜任能力，努力保持和提高他人在投资行业的专业胜任能力
The standards of professional conduct
1.Professionalism
2.Integrity of Capital Markets
3.Duties to clients
4.Duties to employers
5.Investment Analysis, Recommendations, and actions
6.Conflicts of interest
7.Responsibilities as a CFA Institute Member or CFA Candidate
职业行为准则（The standards of professional conduct）:
1. PROFESSIONALISM
A. Knowledge of the law. Members and Candidates must understand and comply with all applicable laws, rules, and regulations( including the CFA Institute Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conducts) of any , regulatory organization, licensing agency, or professional association governing their professional activities. In the event of conflict, Members and Candidates must comply with the more strict law, rule, or regulation. Members and Candidates must not knowingly participate or assist in any violation of laws, rules, or regulations and must disassociate themselves from any such violation.
会员和考生必须理解和遵守由政府、监管组织、授权机关或管理职业活动的职业协会制定的所有适用的法律、法规或规章（包括CFA协会道德规范和职业行为标准）。如果发生冲突，会员和考生必须遵守更为严格的法律、法规或规章。会员和考生不得有意参与或协助违反此类法律、法规或规章，并且必须脱离这些违规行为。
B. Independence and Objectivity. Members and Candidates must use reasonable care and judgment to achieve and maintain independence and objectivity in their professional activities. Members and Candidates must not offer,solicit, or accept any gift, benefit, compensation, or consideration that reasonably could be expected to compromise their own or another's independence and objectivity.
会员和考生必须保持应有的谨慎，做出合理的判断，在执行专业活动时实现和保持独立性与客观性。会员和考生不得提供、索要或接受任何常理上认为有损个人或其他人独立性与客观性的礼物、好处、补偿或报酬.
C.Misrepresentation. ?Members and Candidates must not knowingly make any misrepresentations relating to investment analysis, recommendations, actions, or other professional acti
会员和考生不得有意曲解投资分析、建议、行动或其他专业活动.
D. Misconduct. Members and Candidates must not engage in any professional conduct involving dishonesty, fraud, or deceit or commit any act that reflects adversely on their professional reputation, integrity, or competence.
会员和考生不得从事涉嫌欺骗、欺诈或舞弊的职业行为，或做出任何与职业声誉、正直性或专业胜任能力相背离的行为
2. INTEGRITY OF CAPITAL MARKETS
A. Material Nonpublic Information. Members and Candidates who possess material nonpublic information that could affect the value of an investment must not act or cause others to act on the information.
拥有影响投资价值的重大非公开信息的会员和考生不得根据此信息行事或促使其他人根据此信息行事.
B. Market Manipulation. Members and Candidates must mot engage in practices that distort prices or artificially inflate trading volume with the intent to mislead market participants.
会员和考生不得从事歪曲价格或人为抬高交易量试图误导市场参与者的行为.
3. ?DUTIES TO CLIENTS
A. Loyalty,Prudence, and Care. Members and Candidates have a duty of loyalty to their clients and must act with reasonable care and exercise prudent judgment. Members and Candidates must act for the benefit of their clients and place their clients' interests before their employer's or their own interests.
会员和考生有忠于客户的责任，必须保持合理的谨慎，做出尽职的判断。会员和考生必须依客户利益行事，将客户利益置于雇主或个人利益之上.
B. Fair Dealing. Members and Candidates must deal fairly and objectively with all clients when providing investment analysis, making investment recommendations, taking investment action, or engaging in other professional activities.
会员和考生进行投资分析、提供投资建议、采取投资行动或从事其他专业活动时，必须公正客观地与所有客户进行交易.
C. Suitability.
--When Members and Candidates are in an advisory relationship with a client, they must:
?a. Make a reasonable inquiry into a client's or prospective clients' investment experience, risk and return objectives, and financial constraints prior to making any investment recommendation or taking investment action and must reassess and update this information regularly.
?在做出投资建议或采取投资行动之前，询问客户或潜在客户的投资经历、风险与利润目标、财务约束条件，并且必须定期地重新评估和更新此信息.
?b. Determine that an investment is suitable to the client's financial situation and consistent with the client's written objectives, mandates, and constraints before making an investment recommendation or taking investment action.
在做出投资建议或采取投资行动之前，确定此项投资适合客户的财务状况，符合客户的书面目标、要求和约束条件.
? c. Judge the suitability of investments in the context of the client's total portfolio.
?根据客户的投资组合角度，判断投资的适合性
--When Members and Candidates are responsible for managing a portfolio to a specific mandate, strategy, or style, they must make only investment recommendations or take investment actions that are consistent with the stated objectives and constraints of the portfolio.
当会员和考生负责管理投资组合，使其符合特定的要求、战略或风格时，他们提供的投资建议或采取的投资行动必须与规定的投资组合目标和约束条件保持一致.
D. Performance Presentation. When communicating investment performance information, Members or Candidates must make reasonable efforts to ensure that it is fair, accurate, and complete.
当沟通投资表现信息时，会员或考生必须做出应有的努力，确保该信息的合理、正确和完整.
E. Preservation of Confidentiality. Members and Candidates must keep information about current, former, and prospective clients confidential unless:
--The information concerns illegal activities on the part of the client or prospective client or prospective client.
--Disclosure is required by law, or
--The client or prospective client permits disclosure of the information.
会员和考生必须保守以前、当前和潜在客户的机密信息，除非：
--该信息涉及客户或潜在客户的违法活动。
--法律要求披露。
--客户或潜在客户允许披露此信息。
4. DUTIES TO EMPLOYERS
A. Loyalty. In matters related to their employment, Members and Candidates must act for the benefit of their employer and not deprive their employer of the advantage of their skills and abilities, divulge confidential information, or otherwise cause harm to their employer.
在与自身雇佣有关的事务方面，会员和考生必须依雇主利益行事，不得剥夺雇主占有其技能的权利，不得泄漏机密信息，不得从事其他损害雇主利益的行为.
B. Additional Compensation Arrangement. Members and candidates must not accept gifts, benefits, compensation, or consideration that competes with, or might reasonably be expected to create a conflict of interest with, their employer's interest unless they obtain written consent from all parties involved.
会员和考生不得接受礼物、好处、补偿或报酬，导致与雇主利益相竞争，或常理上认为会与雇主发生利益冲突，除非得到所有相关方的书面许可.
C. Responsibilities of Supervisors. Members and Candidates must take reasonable efforts to ensure that anyone subject to their supervision or authority complies with applicable laws, rules, regulation, and the Code and Standards.
会员和考生必须做出应有的努力，发觉和防止受其监督或管理的人员从事违反适用法律、法规、规章以及道德和标准的行为.
5. INVESTMENT ANALYSIS, RECOMMENDATION, AND ACTIONS
A. Diligence and Reasonable Basis. Members and Candidates must:
--Exercise diligence, independence, and thoroughness in analyzing investments, making investment recommendations, and taking investment actions.
--Having a reasonable and adequate basis, supported by appropriate research and investigation, for any investment analysis, recommendation, or action.
--进行投资分析、提供投资建议、采取投资行动时，保持勤奋、独立和精确。
--任何投资分析、建议或行动都具有合理充分的依据，有适当的研究和调查支撑.
B. Communication with Clients and Prospective Clients. Members and Candidates must
--Disclose to clients and prospective clients the basic format and general principles of the investment processes used to analyze investments, select securities, and construct portfolios and must promptly disclose any changes that might materially affect those processes.
向客户和潜在客户披露用于分析投资、选择证券、构建投资组合的投资过程的基本格式和一般原则，并且必须即时披露可能对这些过程产生重大影响的变动事项.
--Disclose to clients and prospective clients significant limitations and risks associated with the investment process.
向客户和潜在客户披露投资过程中会出现的显著不利因素和风险.
--Use reasonable judgment in identifying which factors are important to their investment analyses, recommendations, or actions and include those factors in communications with clients and prospective clients.
应用合理的判断识别影响投资分析、建议或行动的重要因素，包括与客户和潜在客户沟通的那些因素.
--Distinguish between fact and opinion in the presentation of investment analysis and recommendations.
区分投资分析和建议演示中的事实和观点.
C. Record Retention. Members and Candidates must develop and maintain appropriate records to support their investment analysis, recommendations, actions, and other investment-related communications with clients and prospective clients.
会员和考生必须记载和保留适当的记录，以支持投资分析、建议、行动以及与客户和潜在客户沟通的投资相关事项.
6. CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
A. Disclosure of Conflicts. Members and Candidates must make full and fair disclosure of all matters that could reasonably be expected to impair their independence and objectivity or interfere with respective duties to their clients, prospective clients, and employer. Members and Candidates must ensure that such disclosures are prominent, are delivered in plain language, and communicate the relevant information effectively.
会员和考生必须全面合理地披露常理上认为会损害其独立性和客观性或妨碍其对客户、潜在客户和雇主履行责任的所有事项。会员和考生必须确保此披露的重要性，以简单的语言传达，并有效地沟通相关信息.
B. Priority of Transactions. Investment transactions for clients and employers must have priority over investment transactions in which a Member or Candidate is the beneficial owner.
客户和雇主的投资交易必须优先于会员或考生是受益人的投资交易.
C. Referral Fees. Members and Candidates must disclose to their employer, clients, and prospective clients, as appropriate, any compensation, consideration, or benefit received from, or paid to, others for the recommendation of products or services.
会员和考生必须向其雇主、客户和潜在客户适当地披露因产品建议或服务而收到其他人、或者支付给其他人的补偿、报酬或好处.
7. RESPONSIBILITIES AS A CFA INSTITUTE MEMBER OR CFA CANDIDATE
A. Conduct as Participants in CFA Institute Programs. Members and Candidates must not engage in any conduct that compromises the reputation or integrity of CFA Institute or the CFA designation or the integrity, validity, or security of CFA Institute programs.
会员和考生不得从事任何危害CFA协会、CFA特许状声誉和诚信的行为，也不得从事危害CFA考试诚信、有效性和安全性的行为.
B. Reference to CFA Institute, the CFA Designation, and the CFA Program. When referring to CFA Institute, CFA Institute membership, the CFA designation, or candidacy in the CFA Program, Members and Candidates must not misrepresent or exaggerate the meaning or implications of membership in CFA Institute, holding the CFA designation, or candidacy in the CFA Program.
当提及CFA协会、CFA会员资格、CFA特许状或CFA考试资格时，会员和考生不得曲解或夸大CFA协会、持有CFA特许状或CFA考试资格的意义或含意.
雅思阅读天天练：为什么看不到整个月球?
通过模拟练习题，洛阳大华雅思同学们可以直观地了解到自己的备考状况，从而更有针对性地进行复习。
在人类的天文历史上，月球一直占据着重要的地位。但是大家还是觉得登月的步伐太慢了，人类渴望能够尽快的窥见月球的全部，虽然这个愿望一直被大家的努力慢慢实现，但是为什么现在我们做不到呢?
Every schoolchild knows that the "small step forman" and the "giant leap for mankind" are wordsuttered by Neil Armstrong during the 1969 Apollo 11Moon landing. But now the famously reclusiveastronaut has made a rare foray into the publicarena to give an answer to a puzzling question:having gone all that way at such vast expense, whywere the steps and leaps so few?
The subject arose when science blogger Robert Krulwich mused on his National Public Radiopage about why Armstrong and crewmate Buzz Aldrin had covered an area barely larger than afootball pitch. "The trip was a 'leap' to be sure, a fantastic accomplishment," he wrote. "Butthe first Moon explorers explored an astonishingly small area." There it might have rested.
But much to Krulwich's surprise, he got an answer – and from the commander himself. Inan emailed response, Armstrong, who at 80 is still campaigning to have Nasa resume itsexploration of the lunar surface, said there were multiple reasons for the small footprint ofthat first landing, not least among them nervousness about how well their water-cooled suitswould work.
"We were operating in a near perfect vacuum with the temperature well above 200degrees fahrenheit with the local gravity only one-sixth that of Earth," he explained. "Thatcombination cannot be duplicated here on Earth. We did not have any data to tell us howlong the small water tank in our backpacks would suffice."
The reply, from a man who famously refuses to give autographs and long refused to speakabout the Moon landings even as his colleagues enthusiastically spoke of their adventures,was surprising enough in itself. Perhaps more surprising still was the detail that an apparentlyenthused Armstrong went into about the difficulties of exploration.
First there was the question of television coverage – for us back on Earth and for missioncontrol. Planting a fixed video camera on the Moon's surface was one of Armstrong's firsttasks and Nasa was very clear that thereafter everything he and Aldrin did had to be within itsrange of view, which wasn't large. They wanted to be able to see, for instance, how well theywere walking in those clunky outfits.
Here we learn, however, that even Armstrong himself was unable entirely to play by therules. "I candidly admit that I knowingly and deliberately left the planned working area out ofTV coverage to examine and photograph the interior crater walls for possible bedrock exposureor other useful information," he acknowledged. "I felt the potential gain was worth the risk."
Armstrong repeated his disappointment that Nasa has not been back and his frustrationwith those who argue there's little point, since that space frontier has already been reached.
"I find that mystifying," he said. "It would be as if 16th-century monarchs proclaimed that'we need not go to the New World, we have already been there...'"
"Americans have visited and examined six locations on Luna, varying in size from asuburban lot to a small township. That leaves more than 14 million square miles yet toexplore."
Moon moments
*During the Apollo 11 mission, Buzz Aldrin briefly held up Nasa's schedule when he becamethe first man to urinate while standing on the Moon. While millions watched at home on livetelevision, Aldrin made use of a tube fitted inside his space suit to relieve himself.
*In 1971, the first American in space, Alan Shepard, also became the first man to hit agolfball on the Moon. After successfully smuggling a club head and balls on to the Apollo 14inside his spacesuit, Shepard took the opportunity at the end of the moonwalk to hit twoballs. He later joked that they went "miles and miles and miles".
*In 1972, the astronaut Harrison Schmitt of the Apollo 17 mission added a musicalsoundtrack to planned proceedings. While skipping along the surface of the Moon, he sang: "Iwas strolling on the Moon one day / in the merry, merry month of... December..."
